𝐂𝐀𝐑𝐄𝐄𝐑 𝐒𝐀𝐍𝐃𝐇𝐈

This Article include Two parts:
PART A  Detailed Information
PART B  Short Information.

Read each very careful..Then you can easily get knowledge about how to complete synopsis of your PG project or Ph.D. Work
This article will answer common questions about the PhD synopsis, give guidance on how to write one, and provide my thoughts on samples.
A PhD synopsis is a detailed summary of your proposed research project which justifies the need for your work. It is used to convince academic committees that your project should be approved.
If you are wondering how to write a synopsis for a PhD, then there are several things you must make sure your synopsis includes. Firstly, the reader must be able to read your synopsis and understand what contribution it would make to the research area. You should also explain the research objectives, methodology, data analysation and presentation format. Finally, you should conclude with limitations of your study and how you envisage others building on the findings you make.
PhD Synopsis format for a project
Although the format of a PhD synopsis report may differ between universities, there are many universal recommendations I can give. First, the research project synopsis format must include several fundamental sections which allow you to clearly detail your proposed project.

PART A  Detailed Information

Given below is an outline for synopsis writing. It provides guidelines for organization and presentation of research in form of synopsis as well as organization of material within each section. Contents in each section tell what needs to be included in each section and how sequence of this content can be consistent across different Departments as well as within a Department..
For overall format guidelines please follow APA, Chicago or any other format prescribed by your discipline but stay consistent.
Overall synopsis organization
• Title Page: Title of the study, Participant (Student)’s name, Supervisor’s name, Name of the Department, Institute
• List of Contents
• Summary / Abstract (150-200 words)

1. Introduction (2-4 pages)
•Give Background information e.g. prevalence, statistics etc
•List down conceptual Definitions of the Constructs Under study
•Provide brief overview of theories / Models linking the topic to the available body of knowledge
•List down the theoretical frame work you will base your research work on.

2. Literature Review (2-4 pages)
• It mainly consists of review of existing relevant and related research
• Subsections can be included based on the nature of your work.
• Presents relationships between different specific constructs the researcher wants to study i.e. specify the relationships between and among variables
• Correlates and predictors of outcome variable identified in research
• May consist of a combination of mathematical, graphical, and/or diagrammatically  presentations
• Provide an overview of Indigenous Researches i.e. overview of relevant research done in India.

Statement of the Problem
• Identify the research gaps and justify the conduct of the study
• It serves as a guide in formulating the specific objectives of the study
Significance / Rational of the Study
• It refers to justification, importance, and vital contribution of the findings of the study / research and its likely benefits.
• Why is it worth doing?
• While the particular topic and its context will determine a study’s significance and contribution of a study in terms of: adding to the existing knowledge in the area; policy considerations; implications for practitioners etc.
Objectives of the Study
List down main objectives of the Study

Hypotheses / Research questions
• States the researcher’s expectations concerning the relationships between the  variables or differences in groups or treatment conditions in research

3. Methodology (2-3 pages)
Research Design
• Specify whether descriptive, causal/explanatory, correlational, comparative, exploratory, evaluative or combination of two or more designs
• Design: Strategy & Frame work
• What strategy is proposed, quantitative or qualitative?
• If both quantitative/qualitative (mixed method) approaches are targeted then what  would be the mixture of the proposed strategies.
Sample/ Participants
• The sampling strategy, especially whether it is probability (its type), non probability (its type), or both and what claims will be made for the generalizability of findings.
• Inclusion / exclusion criteria of the sample
• How Sample will be recruited and approached
• What would be the Sample size and how the size will be determined

Operational Definitions of the Variables (optional)
• Define constructs of the study as they will be measured / assessed

Data Collection Techniques / Assessment Measures
• Whether you will use already developed Instruments Used (provide detail).
• Whether Instruments will be development, (give detail)
• Other ways of eliciting Data (qualitative e.g. focus group discussion, interviews, texts etc)
• Material and method for observations

Procedure
• How the data will be collected i.e. taking necessary approvals /permissions, logistic arrangements and assessment etc
Ethical Considerations: consent/access/and participants’ protection
• List down issues like informed consent, anonymity, confidentiality of data, data
storage, and the use of the results etc.
• Other can be study specific like intervention and advocacy etc. etc.

4. Proposed Analyses
• Indicates the most appropriate analysis used for both quantitative (descriptive, inferential statistics) and qualitative data.
• Mathematical expressions must be italicized and numbered accordingly
• All models/equations must be properly numbered
• All major/key variables must be properly measured/categorized, indicating their specific units of measure.
• The sources of formulas must be indicated in the text.

5. Limitations & Delimitations (if Applicable)
• Limitations refer to limiting conditions or restrictive weaknesses
• Delimitations refer to defining the limits or drawing the boundaries around the study, and showing clearly what is and what is not included.

6. Time Frame of Dissertation
Must be provided for planning.

7. List of References
• Follow APA, Chicago or any other format prescribed for your discipline for writing references
• Ensure to match list of references with those given in citations.

8. Appendices
• Participant Information Sheet, Letter for permission, Participant Consent form, Measuring instruments
• Interview guides, observational schedule, Assessment tools
• Example of pilot study or any other data/work already completed.
Prepared by the Committee constituted in the 100th Dean Committee meeting
__________________________________________________________________________________________

PART B  IN SHORT INFORMATION

Research project title
Clearly define the title of your research project.

Introduction
Include an introduction which summarises the current knowledge in your research area. This section should explain where gaps in knowledge are, and briefly what your project aims to do to address these gaps.

Literature review
A literature review will be a summary of published literature including journals, papers and other academic documentation which relate to your project. You need to critically appraise these documents: What have others done? What did they find? Where could their work be expanded on?

Aims & Objectives
Clearly define what the purpose of the PhD project is. What questions are you trying to answer? How will you measure success?

Research Methodology
Explain how you will achieve your objectives. Be specific and outline your process; the equipment you will use, data collection strategies, questionnaires you will distribute and data analysis techniques you will employ. This is a critical part of the research synopsis as it demonstrates whether your project is achievable or too ambitious.

References
You must provide references and citations to any sources you use. Reference materials are needed to acknowledge the original source, allow further reading for those who are interested and avoid claims of plagiarism. A number of different referencing systems exist, so it is important that you use the referencing system outlined in your university guidelines.

Conclusion
• Provide a conclusion which should briefly summarize what your PhD research project is and why it is needed. You should also comment on the limitations of your work so that the scope of your study is clear.
• In addition to the synopsis format for a PhD, we have outlined the styling rules you should follow:
Approximately 1” margins on top, bottom, and right of page.
Approximately 1.25” margin on left of page to allow space for binding.
Sans serif font (for example Times New Roman).
Black colour font.
Size 11pt or 12pt font.
It is important to remember this is general advice to assist with PhD synopsis writing. You must check your university guidelines first as they may have particular rules which you should follow.

Note- Regarding PhD Synopsis Samples
I will not recommend using a PhD synopsis sample as it is. It is because every research project is different, and the purpose of a synopsis report is to demonstrate the uniqueness of your own project and research work. Instead you should use the above format, and ensure you address each of the sections with correct statement and information.

Hope this will help you to write your synopsis of your PG Project, For your Award of M.Phil and Ph.D.

If you have any other questions please feel free to contact us at Our

Instagram Page @Careersandhi Telegram Group – @Careersandhi